A diagnostic colonoscopy with biopsy is a medical procedure used to examine the interior lining of the colon and rectum, helping diagnose various gastrointestinal conditions. During the procedure, a long, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end, known as a colonoscope, is inserted through the rectum and guided through the entire colon. This allows the physician to visually inspect for abnormalities such as polyps, tumors, inflammation, and ulcers. If suspicious areas are detected, the physician can perform a biopsy by removing small tissue samples using specialized instruments passed through the colonoscope. These tissue samples are then sent to a laboratory for pathological analysis to identify conditions like colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), or infections. The procedure is typically performed under sedation to ensure patient comfort. Diagnostic colonoscopy with biopsy is essential for accurate diagnosis and aids in developing appropriate treatment plans. While generally safe, the procedure carries some risks, such as bleeding, perforation, and adverse reactions to sedation. Post-procedure, patients may experience mild cramping or bloating, but these symptoms usually resolve quickly.