Cancer surveillance involves the systematic monitoring of individuals who are at increased risk of developing cancer or those who have a history of cancer to detect any recurrence or new malignancies at an early stage. This proactive approach aims to identify cancer early when it is most treatable, thereby improving outcomes and survival rates. Surveillance strategies may include regular clinical examinations, imaging tests such as CT scans or MRIs, blood tests for tumor markers, and endoscopic procedures like colonoscopies or mammograms, depending on the type of cancer and the individual's risk factors. Genetic testing and counseling may also be part of the surveillance plan for those with a family history of cancer or known genetic predispositions. Effective cancer surveillance requires a personalized approach, tailored to the specific risks and medical history of each individual, and typically involves a multidisciplinary team of healthcare providers. The ultimate goal of cancer surveillance is not only to detect cancer early but also to provide ongoing support and care, helping patients manage their health proactively and reducing the burden of cancer on individuals and healthcare systems.