Chronic pancreatitis is a long-term inflammation of the pancreas, a gland located behind the stomach that produces digestive enzymes and insulin. This condition typically develops gradually over time, often due to heavy alcohol use, although other factors such as genetics, autoimmune conditions, or anatomical abnormalities can also contribute. Chronic inflammation damages the pancreas, leading to scarring and fibrosis that impair its ability to function properly. Symptoms of chronic pancreatitis include persistent abdominal pain, which may radiate to the back, as well as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and unintended weight loss. Over time, chronic pancreatitis can lead to complications such as pancreatic insufficiency, where the pancreas fails to produce enough digestive enzymes, and diabetes due to impaired insulin production.

Diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging tests like CT scans or MRI, and sometimes endoscopic procedures to directly visualize the pancreas. Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, preventing complications, and addressing underlying causes. This may include lifestyle modifications such as abstaining from alcohol, dietary changes, pain management with medications, enzyme replacement therapy to aid digestion, and in some cases, surgical interventions to relieve blockages or remove damaged tissue. Chronic pancreatitis requires ongoing medical management to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of further pancreatic damage and complications.